Ubuntu 常用配置与问题解决笔记本文档整理了 Ubuntu含虚拟机环境下常见的配置与问题解决方案涵盖 Vim、VMware Tools、软件源、用户管理、SSH 等内容。目录1. Vim 相关1.1 编辑器无法使用 Backspace2. VMware Tools 相关2.1 Ubuntu 下安装 VMware Tools2.2 虚拟机与 Windows 无法相互复制粘贴2.3 安装 VMware Tools 选项显示灰色3. 系统优化4. 更新软件源4.1 备份与清空源列表4.2 阿里源Ubuntu 22.04 LTS jammy4.3 163 网易源4.4 更新源列表4.5 其他源参考5. 用户与系统基础配置5.1 创建用户5.2 关闭锁屏5.3 关闭防火墙5.4 安装基础软件并配置 SSH6. 虚拟机网络类型问题1. Vim 相关1.1 编辑器无法使用 Backspace问题现象方向键变成 ABCDBackspace 退格键无法正常使用。解决步骤编辑配置文件sudogedit /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny将compatible改为nocompatible非兼容模式即可解决方向键变 ABCD 的问题。删除set compatible添加以下语句使 Backspace 恢复正常setbackspace2setnocompatible2. VMware Tools 相关2.1 Ubuntu 下安装 VMware Tools图解教程https://blog.csdn.net/adminkeys/article/details/1079148132.2 虚拟机与 Windows 无法相互复制粘贴问题描述VMware 虚拟机安装 Ubuntu 20.04 后与 Windows 主机不能相互复制粘贴。解决方案执行以下命令后重启sudoapt-getautoremove open-vm-toolssudoapt-getinstallopen-vm-tools open-vm-tools-desktopreboot2.3 安装 VMware Tools 选项显示灰色解决方案https://blog.csdn.net/qq_19734597/article/details/1063359343. 系统优化参考文章https://blog.csdn.net/jilijelon/article/details/55013248重点关注第一条和第十一条。4. 更新软件源4.1 备份与清空源列表cp/etc/apt/sources.{list,list-bak}echo/etc/apt/sources.listvi/etc/apt/sources.list4.2 阿里源Ubuntu 22.04 LTS jammydeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse4.3 163 网易源deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse4.4 更新源列表sudoapt-getupdate4.5 其他源参考https://blog.csdn.net/MacWx/article/details/1376898985. 用户与系统基础配置5.1 创建用户sudouseradd-r-m-s/bin/bash hadoop5.2 关闭锁屏待补充具体操作5.3 关闭防火墙systemctl disable ufw5.4 安装基础软件并配置 SSHapt-yinstallopenssh-servervimlrzszcurlwgetsed-i/^#PermitRootLogin/c PermitRootLogin yes/etc/ssh/sshd_configsed-i/^#PasswordAuthentication yes/c PasswordAuthentication yes/etc/ssh/sshd_config systemctl restart sshd6. 虚拟机网络类型问题问题描述SSH 传输文件导致 VMware 报错说明当前 VMware 版本不支持在 GUI 中切换网卡类型。解决方案直接修改.vmx配置文件最可靠。完全关闭虚拟机和 VMware。找到虚拟机目录用文本编辑器打开.vmx文件例如master.vmx。找到以下行ethernet0.virtualDev e1000修改为ethernet0.virtualDev vmxnet3